ML Model Monitoring
Data Analysis: Analytical Methods
The analytical-methods stage of the data-analysis discipline — the techniques that turn a prepared dataset into findings, predictions, and decisions. This is the “do the analysis” layer that sits between data acquisition and communication: cleaning and exploring data, fitting statistical and ML models, running experiments and causal estimates, forecasting, detecting anomalies, engineering features, and the specialized modeling disciplines (CLV, survival, Bayesian, conformal/UQ, causal discovery, prescriptive optimization, recommenders).
It does not re-derive the underlying probability and inference theory (that is
da-1-foundations-theory) and it does not own the surrounding process,
platform, or communication stages — see the cross-hub note below.
How to use this hub
This hub consolidates 16 analytical-methods sub-skills as on-demand
references under references/. Treat the routing table as an index, not as
the answer:
- Identify which method the task calls for.
- Find the matching row below.
- Read the listed
references/<name>.mdbefore giving a deep answer — the table lines are deliberately shallow and exist only to route. For multi-method tasks (e.g. EDA → feature engineering → modeling → evaluation), read each relevant reference in sequence.
Sub-skill routing table
This hub absorbs 16 former standalone skills as on-demand reference files. When
a task matches a row, Read the listed references/ file before answering —
do not rely on this table alone for depth.
| Sub-topic | When to load | Reference file |
|---|---|---|
da-4-data-cleaning-preparation |
Cleaning and preparing raw data — missing values, outliers, types, dedup, normalization, the disciplined transform into analysis-ready data | references/da-4-data-cleaning-preparation.md |
da-5-exploratory-data-analysis |
Exploratory Data Analysis — the Tukey-rooted discipline of looking at data with summaries and graphics to surface structure and check assumptions | references/da-5-exploratory-data-analysis.md |
da-6-statistical-modeling |
Statistical (inference-first) modeling — linear regression (OLS, Gauss-Markov, diagnostics), logistic regression, GLMs, mixed/hierarchical models | references/da-6-statistical-modeling.md |
da-7-machine-learning |
Machine learning — the ML taxonomy (supervised / unsupervised / reinforcement), model selection, cross-validation, regularization, evaluation metrics | references/da-7-machine-learning.md |
da-12-ab-testing-causal-inference |
A/B testing and causal inference — randomized experiments (sample size, power), DiD, IV, regression discontinuity, propensity-score methods | references/da-12-ab-testing-causal-inference.md |
da-15-forecasting |
Forecasting and time-series modeling — ARIMA/ETS, Prophet, backtesting, going deeper than the time-series foundations | references/da-15-forecasting.md |
da-16-anomaly-detection |
Anomaly / outlier detection — statistical (z-score, IQR), distance/density, isolation forest, and time-series anomaly methods for the working analyst | references/da-16-anomaly-detection.md |
da-17-feature-engineering-and-feature-stores |
Feature engineering taxonomy (numerical transforms, encoding, datetime, interactions, target encoding), automated FE, and feature-store operations | references/da-17-feature-engineering-and-feature-stores.md |
da-23-customer-lifetime-value |
Probabilistic / statistical Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) modeling — BG/NBD, Gamma-Gamma, and related expected-value methods | references/da-23-customer-lifetime-value.md |
da-24-survival-analysis |
Survival / time-to-event modeling — Kaplan-Meier, Cox proportional hazards, censoring, a discipline distinct from ordinary regression | references/da-24-survival-analysis.md |
da-25-bayesian-data-analysis |
Applied Bayesian data analysis and probabilistic-programming workflow — priors, posteriors, MCMC, posterior predictive checks | references/da-25-bayesian-data-analysis.md |
da-31-conformal-prediction-uq |
Conformal prediction and distribution-free uncertainty quantification — prediction sets/intervals with finite-sample coverage guarantees | references/da-31-conformal-prediction-uq.md |
da-32-causal-discovery |
Causal discovery / structure learning — learning the causal DAG itself from data (constraint-, score-, and functional-based methods) | references/da-32-causal-discovery.md |
da-33-prescriptive-analytics |
Prescriptive analytics / decision science — turning predictions and data into optimized decisions via optimization, decision rules, and simulation | references/da-33-prescriptive-analytics.md |
da-38-recommender-systems-and-ranking |
Recommender systems and learning-to-rank — collaborative/content filtering, matrix factorization, ranking models and evaluation | references/da-38-recommender-systems-and-ranking.md |
da-42-ml-model-monitoring |
Monitoring ML models in production — drift taxonomy (data/concept/prediction/feature) and detection tests (PSI, KS, KL/JS, Wasserstein), streaming detectors (ADWIN/DDM/Page-Hinkley), performance estimation without labels (NannyML CBPE/DLE), train-serve skew, slice/fairness drift, retraining triggers, and the tooling landscape (Evidently, Arize, Fiddler, WhyLabs, Alibi Detect, SageMaker, Vertex) | references/da-42-ml-model-monitoring.md |
Cross-hub note
This hub is the methods stage of a six-hub data-analytics family. Route elsewhere when the task is not “run the analysis”:
- Theory beneath a method (distributions, Bayes’ theorem, CLT, estimation
theory, levels of measurement, correlation vs. causation) →
da-1-foundations-theory. - Process / lifecycle (CRISP-DM, problem framing, success metrics,
stakeholder handoff) →
da-2-data-analysis-lifecycle. - Getting the data (sources, collection methods, sampling design) →
da-3-data-acquisition-sampling. - Pipelines and platform (ETL, warehousing, OLAP, semantic layer,
governance, observability) →
da-data-engineering-platform. - Showing and applying the result (visualization, reporting, applied/domain
analytics, ethics and privacy) →
da-applied-and-communication. - Writing up findings (stakeholder narratives, KB articles, runbooks,
executive summaries) →
technical-writing-craft(structured docs) orcontent-and-marketing-writing(TAM replies, customer-facing narratives).
When a request spans stages, start in the hub that owns the decision the user is currently making and hand off explicitly.
Cross-hub map — where every data-analytics topic lives
This family is split across these hubs. If a task’s deep material is not in this hub’s Sub-skill
routing table, it is a reference file under a sibling hub below — activate that hub or Read its
references/<name>.md directly. Every former standalone skill in this family is now a reference under one
of these hubs (nothing was deleted).
| Hub | Owns | Example reference files |
|---|---|---|
da-1-foundations-theory |
Data Analysis Foundations & Theory (hub) | references/da-1-1-definitions-scope.md, references/da-1-1-1-data-analysis-vs-analytics-vs-data.md, references/da-1-1-2-analysis-vs-synthesis.md, references/da-1-1-3-quantitative-vs-qualitative-analysis.md, … |
da-2-data-analysis-lifecycle |
Data Analysis Lifecycle & Process (hub) | references/da-2-1-process-frameworks.md, references/da-2-1-1-crisp-dm.md, references/da-2-1-2-kdd.md, references/da-2-1-3-semma.md, … |
da-3-data-acquisition-sampling |
Data Acquisition, Collection & Sampling (hub) | references/da-3-1-data-sources.md, references/da-3-1-1-primary-vs-secondary.md, references/da-3-1-2-internal-vs-external.md, references/da-3-1-3-structured-semi-structured-unstructured.md, … |
da-analytical-methods |
Data Analytical Methods (cleaning, EDA, modeling, ML, causal, time-series) | references/da-4-data-cleaning-preparation.md, references/da-5-exploratory-data-analysis.md, references/da-6-statistical-modeling.md, references/da-7-machine-learning.md, … |
da-data-engineering-platform |
Data Engineering & Analytics Platform (pipelines, OLAP, modeling, governance) | references/da-10-tools-and-languages.md, references/da-13-data-engineering-and-pipelines.md, references/da-14-streaming-analytics.md, references/da-18-semantic-layer-headless-bi.md, … |
da-applied-and-communication |
Applied Analytics, Visualization, Communication & Ethics | references/da-8-data-visualization.md, references/da-9-reporting-communication.md, references/da-11-ethics-and-privacy.md, references/da-21-product-analytics.md, … |