AI Programming Languages

AI Programming Languages & Frameworks

Quick language selection

Scenario Language Framework
Default for new projects Python Pydantic AI
RAG pipeline Python LlamaIndex
Prompt optimization at scale Python DSPy
Structured data extraction Python Instructor
Web app with AI chat TypeScript Vercel AI SDK
TypeScript agent framework TypeScript Mastra
Performance-critical inference Rust Rig or Burn
AI infrastructure / API gateway Go Genkit or LangChainGo

Python frameworks

Framework Strength Use when
LangChain 700+ connectors Integration-heavy projects
LlamaIndex Document ingestion, RAG Retrieval quality is critical
DSPy Automatic prompt optimization You have metrics + labeled data
Instructor Structured output via Pydantic Extracting typed data from LLMs
Pydantic AI Type-safe agents Teams using Pydantic/FastAPI
CrewAI Role-based multi-agent Business process automation

Language selection decision tree

  1. Performance/memory critical? — Rust: Rig for agents, Burn for training
  2. Go team / Go infrastructure? — Go: Genkit for Google Cloud
  3. React/Next.js frontend? — TypeScript: Vercel AI SDK + Mastra
  4. Everything else? — Python (default to Pydantic AI)