# Reading a Salvage Auction Listing > Depth-first rabbithole dossier for Reading a Salvage Auction Listing; source-anchored research pack. Parent: [Used Car Auctions and Buying](https://llms-explorer.com/tree/used-car-auctions-and-buying/) · 7 facets · 172 facts · page: https://llms-explorer.com/tree/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/ ## Definitions - 35. `[S]` **Pure Sale** means no minimum bid or reserve; the lot is awarded to the highest bidder at the close of the virtual auction. 36. `[S]` **Minimum Bid** means the seller set a reserve; if it is not surpassed, the seller has until 5:00 pm two business days after the sale to accept the bid. 37. `[S]` **On Approval** means the seller reserved the right to approve the final high bid, has until 5 pm two business days after sale (excluding sale day) to approve, and the — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/practice.md#sale-mechanics-fields` ## Structure and components - **A1. A salvage listing is assembled from two distinct authorship layers: fields the consignor (seller) declares, and fields the auction yard records at intake.** Copart's Vehicle Consignment Agreement splits the form physically into a seller-completed section (year/make/model, VIN, odometer reading and brand, "VEHICLE RUNS YES/NO", "RUNS & DRIVES YES/NO", "KEYS YES/NO", free-text damage description, actual cash value, title type, type of sale) and a boxed "FOR COPART USE ONLY" section (lot number, sale title type, damage type, title brand, mileage, "VEHICLE INSPECTED BY"). Source: https://www — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/mechanism.md#a-provenance-where-the-fields-come-from` - **S1. A salvage listing has two authorship layers: fields the consignor declares, and fields the yard records at intake.** Copart's Vehicle Consignment Agreement physically splits the form into a seller-completed section (year/make/model, VIN, odometer reading and brand, "VEHICLE RUNS YES/NO", "RUNS & DRIVES YES/NO", "KEYS YES/NO", free-text damage description, actual cash value, title type, type of sale) and a boxed "FOR COPART USE ONLY" section (lot number, sale title type, damage type, title brand, mileage, "VEHICLE INSPECTED BY"). `[P]` `[M]` https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/_forms/for — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#part-1-mechanism-what-the-artifact-is` - **C25.** *2009 — the title field becomes checkable.* By no later than 2009-03-31, insurance carriers doing business in the US were required to report monthly an inventory of all automobiles of the current or four prior model years that they took possession of and decided were junk or salvage automobiles. — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#c-evolution-how-the-listing-became-the-product` - **What the four passes agree on (saturated):** the listing is a two-layer artifact — a consignor *warranty* plus a single yard observation taken at branch arrival — sold as-is with the verification burden on the bidder. All four fetched IAA's three start-code definitions verbatim and directly; that plus the point-in-time invariant, the NMVTIS salvage/junk/brand definitions, 49 CFR 580.5's three odometer certifications, and the state-relativity of the title field are done. More research there will restate. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/rabbithole-synthesis.md` - **Met.** Nine independent hosts were used, six of them primary or official: `iaai.com` and `ca.iaai.com` (auction's own definitions and its binding Auction Policies and Arbitration Rules, July 2020), `copart.com` (Copart-hosted member terms PDF, March 2024), `dmv.ca.gov` (California DMV Vehicle Industry Registration Procedures Manual), `vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov` (DOJ/BJA NMVTIS), and `pa.gov` (PennDOT Bulletin 20-24, December 2020, reproducing AAMVA's 49 CFR 580.17 table). A disconfirming source was actively sought and found — see claims 47–50, which establish that part of a listing is VIN-d — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#quality-gate` - **B11. A junk/non-repairable designation on a listing is a terminal legal state, not a severe grade of salvage.** NMVTIS defines a junk automobile as one that "Is incapable of operating on public streets, roads, and highways" and "Has no value except as a source of parts or scrap". California's parallel instrument, the nonrepairable vehicle certificate, means the vehicle "may not be titled or registered for use on the roads or highways of California", and ownership may be transferred only twice on that certificate. Sources: https://vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov/redirect-legacy/nmvtis_glossary.htm — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes) - | Date | Event | Effect on the listing | Source | |---|---|---|---| | 1992 | Anti Car Theft Act; NMVTIS codified at 28 CFR Part 25 Subpart B | Supplies the brand vocabulary the title field reports | https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-28/chapter-I/part-25/subpart-B | | 2003-12-02 | Copart converts all 94 salvage facilities to Virtual Bidding Second Generation (VB2), eliminating the live lane | **The moment the written listing, not a physical walk of the lot, becomes the primary artifact a buyer reads** | https://www.automotive-fleet.com/news/copart-converts-all-salvage-facilities-to-virtual-bid — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#part-3-history-how-this-field-set-came-to-exist` - **S60. Against a blanket "the listing is all disclaimed seller data" reading, a defined subset carries enforceable remedies.** Title-type discrepancy, post-bid parts removal/replacement, and post-bid additional damage each give the member a named right to buy at the original price or cancel; odometer, VIN and mandatory announcements are arbitrable. The listing is not uniformly unreliable — it is reliable in a narrow, contractually enumerated band. `[P]` `[E]` https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/pdfs/190171-307147-256888-2024-member_t_and_c-a_better_bid.pdf (p.9) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#the-remedy-band-where-the-listing-is-reliable` - 2. **Whether "Engine Start Program" is a distinct Copart code or a synonym for IAA's "Starts".** Secondary sources list Copart run-condition options as RUNS, RUNS & DRIVES, ENG START PROG, NO DRIVE, PARTS ONLY (https://cleaned.vin/blog/copart-auction-sheet-guide), but Copart's own consignment form carries only the two booleans "VEHICLE RUNS" and "RUNS & DRIVES". No primary Copart source confirming the full enumerated code set was retrievable. — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#unresolved-disagreements) - 1. Should I commit the synthesis? It's outside the repo (`~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/`), so it isn't part of the `llms-explorer` working tree — assumed: leave it as a file, no commit. 2. `/rabbithole` isn't installed in this environment — want me to check whether it exists in one of the skills clones and register it, or leave it? 3. The four-way sale-window contradiction (D1) is the one a buyer would actually get hurt by. Want me to try resolving it now against the 2024 Copart member T&C PDF, which is fetchable? 4. Bash is denied in this session — that blocked listing sibling concepts to m — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/rabbithole-synthesis.md#needs-input` - **C8.** The same federal glossary defines a **junk automobile** as one that is incapable of operating on public roads and has no value except as a source of parts or scrap — a distinct field value from "salvage." — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#a-where-the-field-definitions-come-from` - **C21.** *1992 — the legal substrate.* NMVTIS, the system that standardizes the title-brand vocabulary a listing reports, traces to the Anti Car Theft Act of 1992 and is codified at 28 CFR Part 25 Subpart B. — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#c-evolution-how-the-listing-became-the-product` - **C23.** *2003 onward — listing content as infrastructure.* Copart's SEC filings describe "sophisticated vehicle processing at storage sites, including digital imaging of each vehicle and the scanning of each vehicle's title and other significant documents such as body shop invoices, all of which are available from us over the internet." Photographs and scanned title documents are thus a deliberate, filed-with-the-SEC part of the listing, not an incidental add-on. — (Copart FY2019 Form 10-K) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#c-evolution-how-the-listing-became-the-product` - **C24.** *Buyer mix shapes the fields.* Copart states it sells principally to "vehicle dismantlers, rebuilders, repair licensees, used vehicle dealers and exporters and, at certain locations, to the general public." The listing's field set — parts-relevant damage codes, run/drive status, title exportability — is built for that professional audience first. — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#c-evolution-how-the-listing-became-the-product` - - IAA — Vehicle Start Codes (buyer-facing): - IAA — Run & Drive definition and disclaimers: - IAA — U.S. Vehicle Titles: Clear and Salvage (2023-10-26): - US DOJ / OJP — NMVTIS Glossary: - US DOJ / OJP — NMVTIS For Consumers (coverage limits, false negatives): - eCFR — 28 CFR Part 25 Subpart B (NMVTIS): 18. Copart makes no representation as to the validity or accuracy of that listed value, and it is presented for informational purposes only. 19. Copart's member terms class ACV, damage amount, damage type, — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#c-valuation-fields-neither-number-means-what-it-appears-to-mean` - **C3. The visible high bid at the time a reader views a listing is produced by a two-stage process: an extended preliminary bidding period, followed by a live virtual auction that opens each item at the high preliminary bid.** Source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/900075/000110465908004095/a08-3498_1ex99d1.htm — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#c-sale-mechanics-encoded-in-the-listing) - **E3. A title brand printed on a listing is not portable across states, because brand vocabularies are not uniform and one state's "salvage" may be another's "junk" or "non-repairable"; roughly 60+ distinct brand types exist in the US.** This is the structural reason title washing is possible and the reason a brand field must be read together with the issuing state. Source: https://blog.add123.com/title-brand-basics — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#e-limits-where-the-listing-stops-being-informative) - **S5. The listing exists because a total-loss settlement forces a document change.** California requires the insurer, its designee (salvage pool or registration service), or the owner to apply for a salvage certificate "within 10 days from the date the insurance company makes a total loss settlement with the owner." The salvage pool is a named actor in the statutory chain, so the listing is downstream of a claims settlement, not a private sale. `[P]` `[M]` https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/handbook/vehicle-industry-registration-procedures-manual-2/salvage-nonrepairable-junk-vehicles/notice-of-rete — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#part-1-mechanism-what-the-artifact-is` - **S32. The title field is state-relative, and reading it requires the issuing state.** Per DOJ, "one state may examine and brand a damaged vehicle as 'salvage,' while another state may not," and NMVTIS contributors "are independent and are not required to follow or prescribe to a uniform approach" to defining vehicle conditions and titling. Roughly 60+ distinct US brand types are in circulation (vendor count, directional only). This is the structural mechanism behind title washing. `[P]` for DOJ, `[T]` for the 60+ figure `[M|H|E|P]` https://vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov/nmvtis_consumers · https:/ — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-3-title-brand-and-sale-document-fields` - **C4. A lot can be re-listed after a failed or refused sale, which means a lot number is not a stable identifier for a vehicle across time; the VIN is.** The consignment agreement provides that Copart will re-run a vehicle for two additional sales free of charge, and that where a purchaser refuses a vehicle because of an inaccurate seller statement, "Copart may re-list the vehicle". Combined with the prior-lot-number field (B15), the same VIN can carry several lot numbers. Source: https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/_forms/form%20copart%20vehicle%20consignment%20agreement%20(5.22.19).pdf — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#c-sale-mechanics-encoded-in-the-listing) - **S41. A TMU/TKU declaration is an instruction, not a null value.** At Impact, when it is made "it should be assumed that the total distance that the Vehicle has been driven is substantially higher than the reading shown on the odometer." `[P]` `[E]` https://ca.iaai.com/Content/Documents/IAAPoliciesJuly2020_en.pdf (p.11) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-4-odometer-field` - **S53. The visible high bid is produced by a two-stage process:** an extended preliminary bidding period, then a live virtual auction that opens each item at the high preliminary bid. `[P]` `[M]` https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/900075/000110465908004095/a08-3498_1ex99d1.htm — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-6-sale-method-fields` - **S54. A lot number is not a stable identifier for a vehicle; the VIN is.** The consignment agreement provides that Copart will re-run a vehicle for two additional sales free of charge, and that where a purchaser refuses a vehicle because of an inaccurate seller statement "Copart may re-list the vehicle." The form also records "HAS VEHICLE SOLD THROUGH COPART BEFORE? YES / NO / UNKNOWN" and "IF PREVIOUS COPART SALE: PRIOR LOT NO." — so one VIN can carry several lot numbers, and the listing itself links the prior one. `[P]` `[M]` https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/_forms/form%20copart%20vehic — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-6-sale-method-fields` - Impact/IAA Canada's policy says at §F.2 that "An arbitration must be commenced within three (3) business days after the **Vehicle has been picked up**," and at Arbitration Procedure Step 2 that the process "must be commenced within three (3) business days **of the sale day**." For a lot picked up a week after sale these give opposite answers. https://ca.iaai.com/Content/Documents/IAAPoliciesJuly2020_en.pdf (pp.12–13) **Reading.** Not resolvable from the document. Pass E's operational advice — treat the sale-day clock as controlling and confirm with the branch — is the conservative reading. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#d9-the-arbitration-clock-contradicts-itself-inside-one-primary-document` ## Measurements and reference values - | # | Source | Host | Type | Date | |---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | Vehicle Start Codes — | iaai.com | official definitions | undated | | 2 | IAA Run & Drive® — | iaai.com | official definitions | undated | | 3 | Vehicle Information — | iaai.com | official product description | undated | | 4 | Auction Policies and Arbitration Rules — | ca.iaai.com | primary contract | July — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#sources` - **S55. The listed bid is not the acquisition cost, and the fee multiplier is steepest on cheap lots.** Seller-side, the consignment form attaches a $10.00 vehicle history review fee on clean-title vehicles and a $75.00 fee on vehicles sold via "Make an Offer." Buyer-side, published third-party calculators put Copart's 2026 gate fee at $79 on clean-title lots and $95 on non-clean, with a tiered virtual bid fee up to $129 (pre-bid) or $149 (live) on clean-title lots, and a worked example of roughly $653 in fees on a $2,000 clean-title winning bid — about 33% of hammer. **Seller-side figures are — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-7-costs-and-fields-that-are-not-on-the-listing` - 36. Reserve lots do not sell at the high bid: "If the Company does not receive any bids at or above the reserve price, the Vehicle will not be sold unless the Seller expressly authorizes the sale. ... The highest bid does not guarantee a sale." (p.8) 37. "On-Approval" lots leave the buyer exposed for up to three business days including sale day while the seller decides, though most resolve within one day. (p.8) 38. On Minimum B — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#f-sale-method-fields-a-high-bid-on-a-listing-is-often-not-a-sale` - **S44. The transition left a durable trap.** PennDOT recorded that some jurisdictions were not ready on the effective date, so a 2011-or-newer vehicle titled in a non-ready state and branded exempt has its reading recorded as "not actual mileage" (status code 2) when transferred into Pennsylvania. An "Exempt" field converts to a "not actual mileage" brand on retitling. `[P]` `[E]` https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/dmv/documents/business-partners/driver-and-vehicle-services-bulletin/bulletin%2020-24%20nhtsa%20odometer%20exemption%20change.pdf — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-4-odometer-field` - **S52. Proxy-bid mechanics can execute below the tendered maximum in a way the listing does not show.** At Impact: "Should only one Pre-Bid be placed on a Vehicle, that single bid may be accepted at 70% of the tendered amount." `[P]` `[E]` https://ca.iaai.com/Content/Documents/IAAPoliciesJuly2020_en.pdf (p.8) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-6-sale-method-fields` - **S59. Florida shows that brand vocabulary is also created outside the insurer's total-loss decision.** Florida defines "salvage" as a total loss under s. 319.30(3)(a), defines "certificate of destruction" by cross-reference to ss. 713.78(11)/713.785(7)(a), defines "derelict" as material whose highest value is scrap, and separately requires an owner to request a "Total Loss Vehicle" brand within 72 hours when insurer and owner agree to repair but actual repair costs exceed 100% of replacement value. `[P]` `[H]` https://www.flsenate.gov/laws/statutes/2023/319.30 — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#part-3-history-how-this-field-set-came-to-exist` ## Problems, failure modes and limitations - 43. `[P]` Copart recommends buyers enrol in AutoCheck to obtain reports on most clean-title vehicles, covering previous accidents, serious past damage, odometer tampering or breakage, former rental / lease / fleet use, liens, and previous state title information. 44. `[P]` Copart members may preview in person, free, the vehicles in the **next auction only**, with preview hours at most locations 08:00–16:00 Monday–Friday, or may send an independent professional inspector. (p.7) 27. Title brands are not uniform across states. Per the DOJ-run NMVTIS consumer material, "one state may examine and b — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#e-title-sale-document-fields-the-listing-names-a-document-not-a-legal-outcome` - 42. Arbitration at Impact/IAA Canada is available for only three things: material non-disclosure of a mandatory Announcement, major misrepresentation, and duplicate or mismatched VINs. A wrong trim, wrong options list or optimistic damage code is not on that list. (p.12) 43. Declarations already published before the sale are excluded from remedy outright: "Declarations contained in Disclosure Information made available prior to sale are not subject to arbitration." Reading the listing carefully before bidding is not diligence — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#g-remedies-the-window-is-short-and-many-listing-statements-are-excluded-by-design` - 17. `[P]` Copart tells buyers to determine "title type (or Ownership Doc Type), estimated repair cost, odometer reading, damage type, and if the keys are included" before bidding — this is the operator's own minimal read-set for a listing. 18. `[P]` A **brand** under NMVTIS is a descriptive label regarding a vehicle's status, such as "junk," "salvage," or "flood." 19. `[P]` A **salvage automobile** is one damaged to the extent that its fair salvage value plus the cost of repa — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/practice.md#title-sale-document-and-brands` - **S62. The remedy window is short, possession-dependent, and decays.** Arbitration is unavailable once the buyer no longer has possession or ownership; the vehicle cannot leave the auction site while arbitrated; Impact's liability is capped at sale price "less 10% per month from the sale date," terminating entirely 90 days after sale. Copart can unwind a sale for "fraud, material misrepresentation, or patent defect in the Vehicle Description or bidding information, as determined by Copart at its sole discretion," with no reciprocal member entitlement. `[P]` `[E]` https://ca.iaai.com/Content/Do — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#the-remedy-band-where-the-listing-is-reliable` - **In scope.** How a buyer decodes the fields printed on a single salvage-auction lot listing (Copart, IAA/Impact): start code, damage codes, loss type, odometer designation, title/sale-document type, valuation figures, sale-method flags, seller-disclosure announcements, and the arbitration/cancellation rights that attach to those fields. The claims below concentrate on boundary conditions, failure modes, and places where the listing's plain reading and its contractual meaning diverge. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#scope` - 9. Impact/IAA Canada applies a table of **Deemed Disclosures** that "automatically apply to all Vehicles offered for sale unless expressly indicated otherwise" and that "do not need to be announced by the Seller." The deemed set includes ABS Defective, Airbags Missing/Defective, Adjacent Panels Replaced, AS IS, Major Repair, Structural damage, Total Loss, and Warranty Cancelled. (pp.5–7) 10. Consequence of claim 9: on that platform a silent listing is a *disclosed-defect* listing. Reading "no structural-damage announcement" as — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#b-damage-condition-and-highlight-fields-absence-of-a-flag-is-not-absence-of-the-defect` - **C13.** The **odometer brand** on a listing traces to 49 CFR 580.5, which requires the transferor either to certify the reading reflects actual mileage, or to include a statement that the mileage exceeds mechanical limits, or to include a statement that the reading does not reflect actual mileage and should not be relied upon, together with a warning notice that a discrepancy exists. — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#a-where-the-field-definitions-come-from` - **S57. The disconfirming step the listing cannot supply is an independent VIN check.** Copart recommends AutoCheck enrolment for reports on most clean-title vehicles (previous accidents, serious past damage, odometer tampering or breakage, rental/lease/fleet use, liens, previous state title information). NICB warns that flood total losses should carry a salvage or flood title but that dishonest sellers conceal history through superficial repair and title washing; NICB's free VINCheck draws on participating member insurers covering more than 92% of the market. **A clean-looking listing is the e — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-7-costs-and-fields-that-are-not-on-the-listing` - **F1. Reading "Stationary" as "does not run."** It equally means "was not tested." (S10) **F2. Reading the absence of a code as the absence of the defect.** Two damage codes are a cap; on IAA Canada, structural damage and eight other systems are *pre-announced by default* so silence means disclosed, not absent. (S17, S18) **F3. Reading Run & Drive as roadworthiness.** No brake, road or structural test is in the procedure, and the code ages with time on yard. (S11, S12) **F4. Reading ACV / Est. Retail Value as what the car is worth now.** It is the seller's pre-damage figure on a post-loss lot, — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#part-4-failure-modes-ranked-by-how-quietly-they-bite` - | Source | URL | |---|---| | Copart Vehicle Consignment Agreement (rev. 5.22.19), incl. Terms & Conditions | https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/_forms/form%20copart%20vehicle%20consignment%20agreement%20(5.22.19).pdf | | Copart Member Terms & Conditions, 23 Mar 2024 (Copart-hosted PDF) | https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/pdfs/190171-307147-256888-2024-member_t_and_c-a_better_bid.pdf | | Copart, "CHECK IT — Become a Savvy Buyer" buyer education flyer | https://www.copart.com/content/buyereducationchecklist-flyer.pdf | | IAA Auction Rules | https://www.iaai.com/AuctionRules | | IAA Vehicle — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#primary-official-fetched-directly-by-at-least-one-pass` - **C15.** The same terms place the burden entirely on the buyer: it is "the sole responsibility of the Member to ascertain, confirm, research, inspect, and/or investigate vehicles and any and all Vehicle Information prior to bidding," and members acknowledge they "shall not rely on Vehicle Information in deciding whether or how much to bid on a vehicle." — (same provenance caveat as C14) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#b-disconfirming-evidence-the-listing-is-expressly-not-a-warranty` - **C20.** Copart's own disclaimer language regarding damage codes — that they may not accurately reflect the type or extent of damage and may not be relied upon for bidding purposes — is reproduced consistently across broker documentation. — and (secondary sources; **medium confidence**, same primary-retrieval limitation as C14) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#b-disconfirming-evidence-the-listing-is-expressly-not-a-warranty` - Met. Independent hosts used: `copart.com` (primary contract document, read directly as PDF), `iaai.com` (two official platform pages, fetched directly), `vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov` (US DOJ / NMVTIS), `law.cornell.edu` (49 CFR 580.5), `dmv.ca.gov` (California state titling law), `sec.gov` (Copart filing exhibit), plus `federalregister.gov` and two broker knowledge bases for corroboration. Disconfirming sources were sought and found: Copart's own damage-code disclaimer (E1), IAA's roadworthiness exclusions (B3, D1), and the federal record that brand uniformity is not required (E4). One partial — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#quality-gate) - **B6. The odometer field carries a *brand*, and the brand vocabulary is federal, not auction-invented.** 49 CFR 580.5(e) requires the transferor to certify one of: that the reading "reflects the actual mileage"; that the mileage "exceeds mechanical limits"; or that the reading "does not reflect the actual mileage, and should not be relied upon", the last of which must carry a warning notice that a discrepancy exists. Source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/580.5 — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes) - **C2. On non-pure sales the seller's decision window is bounded by contract, so the listing implies a deadline the reader should expect.** The Copart consignment agreement §4 requires the seller to "complete the bid approval process by 2:00 p.m. local time on the business day after the date of the sale", and provides that failure to do so makes the vehicle subject to re-run and all applicable fees. Source: https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/_forms/form%20copart%20vehicle%20consignment%20agreement%20(5.22.19).pdf — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#c-sale-mechanics-encoded-in-the-listing) - 40. `[T]` Published fee calculators put Copart's 2026 gate fee at $79 on clean-title lots and $95 on non-clean, with a tiered virtual bid fee up to $129 (pre-bid) or $149 (live) on clean-title lots. 41. `[T]` A worked example puts total fees on a $2,000 clean-title winning bid at roughly $653 — about 33% of the hammer price. 42. *Consequence (and caveat):* the headline bid on a listing is not the acquisition cost, and the fee multiplier is steepest on cheap lots. These figures are third- — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/practice.md#cost-fields-not-on-the-listing` - **Official, via search extract only (client-side rendering blocked direct fetch)** - Copart, Glossary of Common Terms — - Copart UK, What Do Copart Terms Mean? — - Copart, Sale Status Explained — - IAA Run & Drive® — - 49 CFR § 580.17, Exemptions — - NHTSA fin — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/practice.md#sources` - **S12. The code decays with time on yard.** IAA names battery regression and fluid leaks as things that develop after check-in. The interval between check-in and pickup is uncovered risk the listing does not price, and it is a function of how long the lot has sat. `[P]` `[H|E|P]` https://www.iaai.com/Marketing/run-drive · https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-1-start-run-condition-codes` - **S29. A non-repairable designation is a terminal legal state.** A vehicle on a California Nonrepairable Vehicle Certificate "may not be titled or registered for use on the roads or highways of California," cannot be revived as Junk/Revived Salvage, and may be transferred only twice on that certificate. `[P]` `[M|E]` https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/handbook/vehicle-industry-registration-procedures-manual-2/salvage-nonrepairable-junk-vehicles/nonrepairable-vehicle-certificate/ — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-3-title-brand-and-sale-document-fields` - **S37. The odometer field carries a *brand*, and the brand vocabulary is federal.** 49 CFR 580.5(e) requires the transferor to certify one of: the reading "reflects the actual mileage"; the mileage "exceeds mechanical limits"; or the reading "does not reflect the actual mileage, and should not be relied upon," the last carrying a warning notice that a discrepancy exists. `[P]` `[M|H|P]` https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/580.5 — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-4-odometer-field` - **R4. The Canadian document is the deepest and the least transferable.** Impact's *Auction Policies and Arbitration Rules* (July 2020) is the only machine-readable full contract any pass obtained, and it supplies S13, S18–S21, S33, S41, S42, S50–S52, S61, S62 and D9 — a large fraction of the concept's detail. **Every one of those is Canadian.** Its Deemed Disclosures, flood/accident thresholds and odometer tolerance must not be assumed to hold at IAA's US branches. This is the largest transferability risk in the merged product. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#part-6-what-the-four-passes-together-settled-that-no-single-pass-could` ## Comparisons and alternatives - 20. Copart's US terms make odometer discrepancy remediable only past a hard threshold: "Odometer readings that differ from the listed mileage by less than two thousand (2,000) miles do not qualify for transaction cancellation." A 1,999-mile error is, by contract, not an error. (p.9) 21. Impact/IAA Canada uses a different and tighter rule: "Minor odometer discrepancies of 3,000 km or 5% (whichever is less) are not subject to Arbitration." The two major salvage platforms do not share an odometer — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#d-odometer-fields-the-thresholds-are-contractual-and-exempt-is-unstable` - 47. Against the general "the listing is all disclaimed seller data" reading: a material part of an IAA listing is machine-derived or directly evidentiary rather than asserted. ChromeData supplies "300+ data points and technical specifications" by VIN decode, IAA 360 View provides interactive interior and exterior imaging, and IAA Engine Starts provides a 10-second under-the-hood video of the running engine. 48. The engine-start video in particular is primary evidence of a specific fact at a specific moment, and is not defeated by the s — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#h-disconfirming-evidence-not-every-field-is-unverified-seller-assertion` - **C22.** *2003 — the listing replaces the lane.* Copart announced on 2003-12-02 that all of its salvage facilities had been converted to Virtual Bidding Second Generation (VB2), eliminating the traditional live auction in favour of an internet-only auction; the rollout covered 94 yards. This is the moment the written listing, rather than a physical walk of the lot, became the primary artifact a buyer reads. — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#c-evolution-how-the-listing-became-the-product` - 1. **Operator definitions vs. operator disclaimers.** Copart and IAA publish precise operational definitions of their condition codes (claims 6–8, 12, 14) and simultaneously disclaim their accuracy and their fitness for bidding (claims 3–4). Both statements come from the same publishers. The sources do not reconcile this; the practical reading is that the codes are search/triage metadata whose reliability is deliberately unwarranted. 2. **Is careful listing-reading actually decision-relevant?** I sought a disconfirming source and found the strongest one inside the operators' own terms: if the — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/practice.md#unresolved-disagreements-and-gaps` - - Copart Member T&C mirror, version dated 2018-05-02 (**superseded by the 2024 Copart-hosted PDF, R1**) — https://alpinerebuildablecars.com/copart/terms-and-conditions - AutoBidMaster, Understanding Damage Codes — https://helpcenter.autobidmaster.com/hc/en-us/articles/360033513172-Understanding-Damage-Codes - AutoBidMaster, How to Understand Vehicle Damage Codes — https://helpcenter.autobidmaster.com/hc/en-us/articles/360033513172-How-to-Understand-Vehicle-Damage-Codes - AutoBidMaster, Copart damage codes guide (2019) — https://blog.autobidmaster.com/2019/08/understanding-damage-codes/ - AutoB — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#secondary-mirrors-commercial-used-where-primary-retrieval-failed-flagged-in-place` - **S64. Brand data feeding the title field is compelled rather than volunteered** (insurance carriers and junk/salvage yards report under federal obligation), which is why brands, once applied, are hard to wash even where a downstream state would not have applied them. `[P]` `[E]` https://vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov/nmvtis_consumers — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#the-remedy-band-where-the-listing-is-reliable` - 1. IAA's "Run & Drive" requires exactly three things at arrival: the motor started (with or without a jump) and idled, forward and reverse gears engaged, and the steering wheel turned one full rotation each way. Nothing else is tested. 2. IAA states outright that meeting those three requirements "does not guarantee the vehicle is roadworthy," and separately excludes the condition of the tires, the wheel hub and its components from the designation. 3. The Run & Drive test contains no brake test — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#a-start-codes-run-and-drive-narrower-than-the-words-suggest` - 3. **"Enhanced Vehicle" has two incompatible readings in circulation.** Copart's own support wording makes it a cosmetic service flag (wash, vacuum, protective covering) that is not even guaranteed to have been performed (), while widely-read broker and shipping guides describe it as vehicles that "have undergone certain improvements, repairs, or modifications" ranging "from minor cosmetic fixes to significant mechanical repairs" (). The first re — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#unresolved-disagreements` - **D4. The listing is legally an agency sale: the auction acts as the seller's agent, not as principal.** Copart consignment agreement §1: "Seller appoints Copart as its agent to sell the vehicle". This is why accuracy claims run against the consignor rather than the platform. Source: https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/_forms/form%20copart%20vehicle%20consignment%20agreement%20(5.22.19).pdf — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes) - **E8. Title delivery lags the sale, and the listing's title field describes a document that may not yet exist at the auction.** The consignment agreement contemplates vehicles held "without the original transferable ownership documents" for up to sixty days of free storage before per-day charges begin, so a listed title type can be a pending state rather than a document in hand. Source: https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/_forms/form%20copart%20vehicle%20consignment%20agreement%20(5.22.19).pdf — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#e-limits-where-the-listing-stops-being-informative) - 6. `[P]` IAA **Run & Drive®** means that on arrival at the facility the motor started (with or without a jump) and idled, forward and reverse gears engaged, and the steering wheel made one full rotation in each direction. 7. `[P]` IAA **Starts** means only that the motor started (with or without a jump) and idled when it reached the yard. 8. `[P]` IAA **Stationary** means the vehicle would not start, has engine damage, or was not tested on arrival. 30. `[P]` Where the transferor knows the reading is not a valid mileage display or differs from actual mileage beyond calibration error, the statement must say the reading "does not reflect the actual mileage, and should not be relied upon," plus a warning notice that a discrepancy exists. 31. *Consequence:* the listing's odometer **b — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/practice.md#odometer-field` - **Reading.** The auction's wording should govern, but it could not be confirmed by direct fetch (JS-rendered), so this is flagged rather than settled. Single pass (E). — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#d3-enhanced-vehicle-two-incompatible-readings-in-circulation` - **Reading.** The passes disagree in kind, not just degree: Copart US and Impact Canada set numeric tolerances above which a remedy exists, while IAA's US Auction Rules appear to disclaim the field outright rather than set a tolerance. **This is a candidate closure of pass E's open gap, but the two documents are not strictly comparable** — a general responsibility disclaimer is not the same instrument as an arbitration-threshold table, and no IAA US arbitration policy was retrieved in any pass. Treat as narrowed, not closed. No source in any pass explains why the thresholds diverge. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#d4-odometer-tolerance-platforms-do-not-share-a-threshold-and-one-platform-disclaims` - 1. **Bid-approval deadline.** Copart's own consignment agreement §4 sets the seller's bid-approval deadline at "2:00 p.m. local time on the business day after the date of the sale" (https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/_forms/form%20copart%20vehicle%20consignment%20agreement%20(5.22.19).pdf), while widely repeated broker guidance states 7:45 PM PST on the next business day (https://helpcenter.autobidmaster.com/hc/en-us/articles/360049915512-Understanding-Sale-Status-and-Counter-Bidding-on-Copart). These may describe different things — a contractual obligation versus a platform-enforced cutoff — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#unresolved-disagreements) - 4. **Retrieval caveat on Copart member terms.** Copart's HTML pages (`www.copart.com/Content/us/en/Member-Terms-and-Conditions`, `.../member-news/sale-status`, `.../support/glossary`) are bot-protected and returned empty bodies to direct fetches on 2026-09-19. The quotations in B13, C1, D3 and E1 come from indexed copies of those pages via search rather than a verified direct read. The Copart PDFs, by contrast, were read directly. If these claims matter, re-verify them against the live pages in a browser. — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#unresolved-disagreements) - **Gate caveats, stated explicitly.** - `copart.com` and `support.copart.co.uk` render client-side; direct fetches returned no text. Copart definitions for "Est. Retail Value" and "Enhanced Vehicles" therefore rest on a broker help-centre restatement and on a search-index capture of Copart's own page respectively, not on a verified page fetch. Both are marked in place. - `federalregister.gov` and `ecfr.gov` redirected to an unblock interstitial and could not be fetched, so 49 CFR 580.17 is cited through PennDOT's official bulletin rather than the regulation text itself. - The most specific, mos — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#quality-gate` - 4. **No verbatim mandatory odometer-brand wording was obtained.** 49 CFR 580.5 as retrieved describes the three certifications conceptually; the familiar listing strings ("NOT ACTUAL", "EXCEEDS MECHANICAL LIMITS") appear to be state-form renderings of those requirements rather than federally prescribed literals (C13). `ecfr.gov` redirected to an unblock interstitial for Title 49, so this could not be settled from the primary text. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#unresolved-disagreements-and-open-gaps` - **Third-party** - Copart fee calculator (2026 fee figures) — - Salvagebid, junking certificate vs parts-only vs salvage title — - Clean-VIN, what "Run and Drive" really means — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/practice.md#sources` - **S39. It is nonetheless the most load-bearing condition field on the page,** because unlike the damage codes it is a federally defined legal assertion rather than a disclaimed operator judgment. `[P-pass]` — synthesis-level reading, consistent with S8 and S37. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-4-odometer-field` - **S63. Part of a listing is machine-derived or directly evidentiary rather than asserted.** IAA publishes ChromeData VIN-decoded specifications ("300+ data points and technical specifications"), IAA 360 View interior/exterior imaging, and IAA Engine Starts™ — a 10-second, sound-enabled under-hood video captured by a yard attendant through IAA's OnYard™ check-in system. The video shows the engine rather than asserting a code, so it is not defeated by the start-code disclaimers; but 10 seconds is long enough to show idle and not long enough to show a fault appearing under load or at temperature. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#the-remedy-band-where-the-listing-is-reliable` - **Reading.** At least three axes are confounded: seller-side contractual obligation vs buyer-side offer duration; US vs UK terms; and 2019 vs 2024 document revisions. The 2024 Copart-hosted member T&C is the newest primary US document in the run and should be treated as controlling for US buyers until a newer one is retrieved — but note it *also* carries two figures (next-business-day 5 p.m. ET for the offer; up to three business days for On Approval exposure), so even within one document the buyer-facing answer depends on which sale type the lot is. Not resolved. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#d1-the-seller-s-decision-window-four-incompatible-figures` - **Reading.** Partially reconciled by the synthesis: the consignment form is the *seller's intake instrument* and the glossary describes the *buyer-facing lot page*, so two booleans and five display codes can both be true. The five-code set is now corroborated by an official-but-unfetched page rather than by brokers alone — an upgrade from M's position, but still `[S]`. A direct browser read of the Copart glossary would settle it. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#d2-copart-s-buyer-facing-run-condition-code-set-two-vs-five` - | Platform | Rule | Source | |---|---|---| | Copart US | "Odometer readings that differ from the listed mileage by **less than two thousand (2,000) miles** do not qualify for transaction cancellation" — a 1,999-mile error is by contract not an error | https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/pdfs/190171-307147-256888-2024-member_t_and_c-a_better_bid.pdf (p.9) | | Impact / IAA Canada | "Minor odometer discrepancies of **3,000 km or 5% (whichever is less)** are not subject to Arbitration" | https://ca.iaai.com/Content/Documents/IAAPoliciesJuly2020_en.pdf (p.10) | | IAA US | Pass E recorded this as a — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#d4-odometer-tolerance-platforms-do-not-share-a-threshold-and-one-platform-disclaims` - **Reading.** Consistent only if NMVTIS permanence means *history retention* rather than *current-status immutability*. No source located in any pass states that reconciliation explicitly. Unresolved. (Note the adjacent federal fact from pass M: neither the Anti Car Theft Act nor its implementing regulations require states to change vehicle branding or titling decisions — so divergence persists by design. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2009/01/30/E9-1835/national-motor-vehicle-title-information-system-nmvtis) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#d7-brand-permanence-vs-brand-supersession` - **Not saturated — genuine evidence gaps, not search failures.** 1. **No operator-published canonical damage-code table exists in any pass's reach.** Every enumeration located came from brokers, scrapers or aggregators. Whether an authoritative operator table is public at all is unresolved. 2. **No quantitative study of start-code or damage-code predictive validity.** Pass P sought peer-reviewed evidence specifically and found none; pass E reached the same conclusion independently. **Two independent passes failing the same search is the strongest evidence in this run that the literature does no — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#part-7-saturation-verdict` ## Facts and statements - Run: `used-car-auctions-20260919` · Concept: Reading a Salvage Auction Listing · Parent: Used Car Auctions and Buying · Report date: 2026-09-19 · Pass: edge-cases (depth) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md` - **Concept:** Reading a Salvage Auction Listing **Parent context:** Used Car Auctions and Buying **Report type:** atomic-claim history / provenance **Researched:** 2026-09-19 — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md` - Run: `used-car-auctions-20260919` · Concept: Reading a Salvage Auction Listing · Parent: Used Car Auctions and Buying · Written 2026-09-19 · Skill: `/rabbithole` — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/practice.md` - Run: `used-car-auctions-20260919` · Concept: **Reading a Salvage Auction Listing** · Parent: Used Car Auctions and Buying · Synthesized 2026-09-19 — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md` - This report covers only the act of **reading and interpreting the fields of a salvage-auction lot listing** — the data a salvage auction publishes about a damaged vehicle before sale, where each field's definition comes from, and how that field set came to exist. In practice this is the listing surface of the two US salvage auction operators, Copart and IAA (Insurance Auto Auctions), plus the federal and state title/odometer regimes that supply the meaning of the title and mileage fields. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#scope` - **In scope.** The lot/listing page of a US salvage auction (Copart, IAA) as a document: what each published field asserts, how the operator defines it, what it legally does *not* promise, and the operational consequences of reading it right or wrong. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/practice.md#scope` - **D1. The sale is "as is, where is" with no warranty, express or implied. No field in the listing changes this.** IAA states "All vehicles sold through IAA's auctions are sold 'as is, where is,' with no warranty, expressed or implied, including but not limited to any warranty of fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability." Source: https://www.iaai.com/Marketing/run-drive — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#d-invariants-what-holds-across-every-salvage-listing) - - Copart Vehicle Consignment Agreement (rev. 5.22.19), incl. Terms and Conditions — https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/_forms/form%20copart%20vehicle%20consignment%20agreement%20(5.22.19).pdf - IAA, Vehicle Start Codes (buyer) — https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes - IAA, Vehicle Start Codes (seller) — https://www.iaai.com/selling-services/vehicle-start-codes - IAA, Run & Drive® — https://www.iaai.com/Marketing/run-drive - NMVTIS Glossary, US DOJ Bureau of Justice Assistance — https://vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov/redirect-legacy/nmvtis_glossary.html - 49 CFR § 580.5, Disclo — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#sources) - **Reading.** These are not reducible to one rule, and **the irreducibility is the finding**: a title field must be resolved against the issuing state, never against a generic definition. Two listings showing the same word can mean materially different things. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#d6-what-salvage-means-three-registers-that-do-not-reconcile` - This report explains what a salvage auction lot listing *is* as an artifact: who produces each field, in what order, what each field asserts, what stays true across all listings (invariants), and where the listing stops carrying information (limits). The two US salvage auction platforms that define the listing format — Copart and IAA (Insurance Auto Auctions) — are treated as the reference implementations, with federal (NMVTIS, 49 CFR 580) and state (CA DMV) rules treated as the standards the title and odometer fields encode. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/mechanism.md#scope` - **S56. Physical inspection is a narrow, time-boxed window.** Copart members may preview in person, free, the vehicles in the **next auction only**, with preview hours at most locations 08:00–16:00 Monday–Friday, or may send an independent professional inspector. Reading a listing well therefore means deciding early enough to use the window. `[P]` `[P-pass]` https://www.copart.com/content/buyereducationchecklist-flyer.pdf — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-7-costs-and-fields-that-are-not-on-the-listing` - **C26.** *2009 — the same for the yards.* Junk yards and salvage yards carry a parallel reporting obligation with the same 2009-03-31 start and ongoing monthly cadence. — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#c-evolution-how-the-listing-became-the-product` - **D2. Every condition code is a point-in-time observation at intake, never a prediction about pickup.** IAA repeats this for all three start codes: the functions "are not guaranteed at pickup, and the vehicle may not be roadworthy". — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#d-invariants-what-holds-across-every-salvage-listing) - **E5. The odometer field can be legally correct and still uninformative.** The federal scheme permits an "exceeds mechanical limits" or "not the actual mileage" certification, and the latter must itself warn the reader not to rely on the number. Reading the brand, not the digits, is the operative step. Source: https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/580.5 — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#e-limits-where-the-listing-stops-being-informative) - 4. **Whether "Run and Drive" is predictively useful at all.** Auction documents frame it purely as a point-in-time arrival test with no forward guarantee (claims 1–7). Broker and reseller guides routinely present it as a substantive quality signal — "generally a good sign that the car could be more functional than a typical salvage car" (). No dated, independent, quantitative study of Run-and-Drive predictive value was found. The disagreement is between contractual meaning and commercial fo — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#unresolved-disagreements` - Out of scope (separate frontier items): bidding mechanics and proxy bidding, buyer fees and broker economics, deciding whether to buy, repairing or rebuilding the vehicle, title washing as a fraud topic in its own right, export logistics, and non-salvage (wholesale/dealer) auction listings. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#scope` - **C9.** A **brand** is defined federally as a descriptive label regarding the status of a motor vehicle, such as "junk," "salvage," and "flood," and NMVTIS retains the history of brands applied by any state — which is why a listing's title field can show a brand from a state the car no longer lives in. — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#a-where-the-field-definitions-come-from` - **C17.** The federal title-brand data underlying the listing's title field is itself known-incomplete. The Department of Justice's own NMVTIS consumer page warns that a search may yield a **false negative** such as "no junk or salvage history," states that more than half — not all — of the states report to the system, and puts coverage at 87 percent of the US vehicle population. — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#b-disconfirming-evidence-the-listing-is-expressly-not-a-warranty` - **C18.** The same official page states that NMVTIS data sources "are not required to follow or prescribe to a uniform approach for defining vehicle conditions and titling," and that a vehicle sitting in a salvage yard does not oblige a state to brand it salvage. Two listings showing the same title word can therefore mean materially different things. — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#b-disconfirming-evidence-the-listing-is-expressly-not-a-warranty` - 2. **"Salvage" has no single definition, and the sources say so in conflicting registers.** The federal glossary gives a precise economic test (C7). The DOJ's own consumer page says sources are not required to follow any uniform approach (C18). Florida defines it by cross-reference to its own total-loss subsection (C11). These are not reconcilable into one rule — the disagreement is the substantive finding, and any reading of a title field must be resolved against the *issuing state*, not against a generic definition. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#unresolved-disagreements-and-open-gaps` - **B10. The federal salvage definition is economic, not structural.** NMVTIS defines a salvage automobile as one damaged "to the extent that its fair salvage value plus the cost of repairing the automobile for legal operation on public streets, roads, and highways would be more than the fair market value of the automobile immediately before the event that caused the damage". A listing's salvage brand therefore tells the reader about a value comparison, not about the severity of any particular panel. Source: https://vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov/redirect-legacy/nmvtis_glossary.html — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes) - **B15. The listing records whether the same vehicle has been through the auction before, and links the prior lot.** The consignment form asks "HAS VEHICLE SOLD THROUGH COPART BEFORE? YES / NO / UNKNOWN" and the Copart-use block records "PREVIOUS COPART SALE: YES/NO" and "IF PREVIOUS COPART SALE: PRIOR LOT NO.". Source: https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/_forms/form%20copart%20vehicle%20consignment%20agreement%20(5.22.19).pdf — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes) - - AutoBidMaster Help Center, Understanding Damage Codes — https://helpcenter.autobidmaster.com/hc/en-us/articles/360033513172-Understanding-Damage-Codes - AutoBidMaster Help Center, Understanding Sale Status and Counter Bidding on Copart — https://helpcenter.autobidmaster.com/hc/en-us/articles/360049915512-Understanding-Sale-Status-and-Counter-Bidding-on-Copart - ADD123, Title Brand Basics — https://blog.add123.com/title-brand-basics - cleaned.vin, Copart Explained: How to Read a US Auction Listing — https://cleaned.vin/blog/copart-auction-sheet-guide — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#sources) - **Scope inherited from all four passes.** The listing *as an artifact*: what each published field asserts, who authored it, what it does not promise, and where it fails. Out of scope in every pass and therefore here: bidding strategy, fee arithmetic for a given purchase, transport, repair economics, rebuilt-title reconstruction procedure, dealer/wholesale auction listings, title washing as a fraud topic in its own right. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md` - > **Reading that survives all four passes:** the codes are *triage metadata* the operator > has contractually refused to stand behind. The load-bearing content of a listing is the > photographs and the documentary fields (title/ownership-doc type, odometer brand, VIN), > plus the narrow band of fields that carry an enumerated remedy (S33–S35). — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#part-1-mechanism-what-the-artifact-is` - **S18. On IAA Canada a silent listing is a *disclosed-defect* listing, which inverts the naive reading.** Impact applies Deemed Disclosures that "automatically apply to all Vehicles offered for sale unless expressly indicated otherwise" and that "do not need to be announced by the Seller" — the set includes ABS Defective, Airbags Missing/Defective, Adjacent Panels Replaced, AS IS, Major Repair, Structural damage, Total Loss and Warranty Cancelled. "Major Repair" alone covers nine systems: engine, transmission, power train, sub-frame, suspension, computer equipment, fuel operating system, elect — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-2-damage-fields` - **S35. Export lots are issued documents stamped "FOR EXPORT ONLY," and the buyer — not the auction — must verify "that the documents indicated in the listing are suitable for export" before bidding.** `[P]` `[E]` https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/pdfs/190171-307147-256888-2024-member_t_and_c-a_better_bid.pdf (p.11) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-3-title-brand-and-sale-document-fields` - **S42. On theft-recovery lots the odometer is specifically disclaimed:** the auction reports approximate known distance as communicated by the seller, but "neither the Company nor the Seller can validate or warrant the accuracy of the odometer reading or the true distance travelled for theft recovered Vehicles." `[P]` `[E]` https://ca.iaai.com/Content/Documents/IAAPoliciesJuly2020_en.pdf (p.5) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-4-odometer-field` - **S46. The value field is a seller-supplied, pre-damage figure — not an auction appraisal and not a post-damage value.** The consignment form reads "ACTUAL CASH VALUE ESTABLISHED BY SELLER: $____"; Copart's member-facing definition is the estimated retail value submitted by the seller, and where the lot is damaged, the value *prior* to the damage. It is a pre-loss number sitting on a post-loss listing. `[P]`+`[S]` `[M|E]` https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/_forms/form%20copart%20vehicle%20consignment%20agreement%20(5.22.19).pdf · https://helpcenter.autobidmaster.com/hc/en-us/articles/3600207 — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#2-5-valuation-fields` - **S61. Arbitration grounds are enumerated and short.** At Impact, only three: material non-disclosure of a mandatory Announcement, major misrepresentation, and duplicate or mismatched VINs. A wrong trim, wrong options list or optimistic damage code is not on the list — and "Declarations contained in Disclosure Information made available prior to sale are not subject to arbitration." **Reading the listing before bidding is not diligence; it is the entire remedy.** `[P]` `[E]` https://ca.iaai.com/Content/Documents/IAAPoliciesJuly2020_en.pdf (pp.5, 7, 12) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#the-remedy-band-where-the-listing-is-reliable` - **S65. But the federal data is known-incomplete, by DOJ's own admission.** The NMVTIS consumer page warns of false negatives such as "no junk or salvage history," states that more than half — not all — of the states report, puts coverage at 87 percent of the US vehicle population, and documents reporting lag (some states real time, others "once every 24 hours or within a period of days"). NMVTIS holds no repair history. A brand-clean history at listing time may be a history not yet reported. `[P]` `[H|E]` https://vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov/nmvtis_consumers · https://vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov/ — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#the-remedy-band-where-the-listing-is-reliable` - - **Auction documents:** a point-in-time arrival test with no forward guarantee (S9–S13). - **Broker and reseller guides:** a substantive quality signal — "generally a good sign that the car could be more functional than a typical salvage car." https://blog.autobidmaster.com/2022/09/the-run-and-drive-auction-highlight-everything-you-need-to-know/ — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#d10-is-run-drive-predictively-useful-at-all` - **C14.** Copart's Member Terms and Conditions state that "Copart and its vehicle sellers expressly disclaim the accuracy or completeness of any and all information provided to Members regarding vehicles," with the enumerated Vehicle Information including year, make, model, condition, ACV, damage amount, damage type, drivability, accessories, mileage and odometer disclosures. — (mirror of Copart Member T&C, version dated 2018-05-02; **medium confidence on exact current wording** — copart.com blocks automated retrieval, so the prima — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#b-disconfirming-evidence-the-listing-is-expressly-not-a-warranty` - **C19.** Specific states have been identified as non-reporting — Oregon, Kansas, Mississippi, Vermont, Rhode Island, Hawaii and the District of Columbia — with Connecticut reporting title changes but not salvage-yard data. — (secondary source, an NMVTIS-approved data provider; **the state list is time-sensitive and dates to 2015** — treat the specific names as historical, not current) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#b-disconfirming-evidence-the-listing-is-expressly-not-a-warranty` - **E2. Damage fields are explicitly scoped to *reported and/or known* damage, so absence of a code is not evidence of absence of damage.** Source: https://helpcenter.autobidmaster.com/hc/en-us/articles/360033513172-Understanding-Damage-Codes — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#e-limits-where-the-listing-stops-being-informative) - **E4. NMVTIS standardizes brand *reporting* but does not compel states to change how they brand vehicles.** Neither the Anti Car Theft Act nor its implementing regulations require states to change vehicle branding or other titling decisions, so the underlying divergence in E3 persists by design. Source: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2009/01/30/E9-1835/national-motor-vehicle-title-information-system-nmvtis — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#e-limits-where-the-listing-stops-being-informative) - **E7. The listed bid is not the listed cost; fees are attached outside the price field.** Even on the seller side the consignment form attaches conditional fees to a sale (a $10.00 vehicle history review fee on clean-title vehicles, a $75.00 fee on vehicles sold via "Make an Offer"), and both platforms levy separate buyer fees not shown in the bid figure. Source: https://www.copart.com/content/us/en/_forms/form%20copart%20vehicle%20consignment%20agreement%20(5.22.19).pdf — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#e-limits-where-the-listing-stops-being-informative) - 3. **Number of US title brand types.** The "over 60" figure (https://blog.add123.com/title-brand-basics) is an industry-vendor count, not a federal one; NMVTIS publishes no equivalent total. Treat the magnitude as directional. — [source](https://www.iaai.com/buying-services/vehicle-start-codes#unresolved-disagreements) - - ~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md — new: four-pass merged synthesis — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/rabbithole-synthesis.md#files` - **Jurisdiction note.** Field semantics are auction-specific and sometimes country-specific. Where a claim rests on a Canadian (Impact Auto Auctions) or a UK Copart document, that is stated in the claim. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/edge-cases.md#scope` - **C3.** IAA's Run & Drive status is recorded at check-in, not at pickup; IAA names battery life regression and leaks of engine oil, coolant, brake fluid, transmission fluid, power steering fluid and fuel as events that may occur after check-in. Reading the field therefore tells you the vehicle's state at an earlier date, not at sale. — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#a-where-the-field-definitions-come-from` - **C7.** The federal definition of a **salvage automobile** used by the national title-brand system is economic, not structural: a vehicle "damaged by collision, fire, flood, accident, trespass, or other event, to the extent that its fair salvage value plus the cost of repairing the automobile for legal operation on public streets, roads, and highways would be more than the fair market value of the automobile immediately before the event that caused the damage." — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#a-where-the-field-definitions-come-from` - **C10.** IAA states that each state has its own requirements for obtaining a rebuilt or restored title on a salvage-title car, and directs public buyers to review their own state's regulations — i.e. the title field on a listing is a state-scoped claim, not a national one. — (dated 2023-10-26) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#a-where-the-field-definitions-come-from` - **C11.** State statutes define the title vocabulary independently. Florida defines "salvage" as a motor vehicle that is a total loss under s. 319.30(3)(a), defines "certificate of destruction" by cross-reference to ss. 713.78(11) / 713.785(7)(a), and defines "derelict" as material whose highest value is as scrap. — — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#a-where-the-field-definitions-come-from` - **C27.** *2013 — platform generation change.* Copart replaced VB2 with VB3, the platform under which current listings are published. — (tertiary source; corroborated by the FY2019 10-K's reference to "Virtual Bidding Third Generation ('VB3')" at ) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#c-evolution-how-the-listing-became-the-product` - **C28.** *2019/2021 — the odometer field's exemption window quadruples.* NHTSA's final rule, published 2019-11-26 at 84 FR, changed the point at which vehicles become exempt from federal odometer disclosure from ten years to twenty; after a granted petition for reconsideration from AAMVA and Delaware DOT, the change took effect 2021-01-01 and applies to model year 2011 and newer vehicles. Practically, a far larger share of listings now carry a meaningful odometer brand than before 2021. — and and (**low-to-medium confidence on details** — both pages returned bot-verification interstitials on direct fetch; existence and naming confirmed via search index only, launch dates not established) — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#c-evolution-how-the-listing-became-the-product` - - Automotive Fleet — "Copart Converts All Salvage Facilities to Virtual Bidding Second Generation (VB2) System" (2003-12-02): — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/history.md#sources` - - Copart Member Terms and Conditions mirror, version dated 2018-05-02: - AutoBidMaster — Copart damage codes guide (2019): - AutoBidMaster Help Center — understanding vehicle damage codes: - CarProxy — common Copart terms: - vinfax — damage types and primary damage codes at auction: 2. `[P]` IAA places the burden of verification entirely on the bidder: it is "THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF BUYER TO ASCERTAIN, CONFIRM, RESEARCH, INSPECT, AND/OR INVESTIGATE ANY VEHICLE FOR SALE PRIOR TO PLACING A BID." 3. `[P]` IAA disclaims accuracy and completeness of the title/brand information it publishes, and states it "IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR MILEAGE OR ODOMETE — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/practice.md#what-the-listing-is-legally` - **Met.** Nine independent hosts, six of them primary or official: `iaai.com` (auction rules, start codes), `copart.com` (buyer education PDF), `vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov` (DOJ/NMVTIS), `law.cornell.edu` (49 CFR 580.5), `federalregister.gov` + `ecfr.gov` (NHTSA rulemaking), `txdmv.gov`, `dmv.ca.gov`, `nicb.org`. A disconfirming source was actively sought and found (claims 2–4, 46–48). Weakness declared: Copart's US-side pages render client-side and resisted direct fetch, so several Copart claims are marked `[S]`; fee claims are `[T]` only. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/practice.md#quality-gate` - **Primary / official, fetched directly** - IAA Auction Rules — - IAA Vehicle Start Codes — - Copart, "CHECK IT — Become a Savvy Buyer" buyer education flyer (PDF) — - NMVTIS Glossary, US DOJ Bureau of Justice Assistance — - 49 CFR § 580.5, Disclosure of odometer information — - TxDMV, Rebuilt Vehicles — pre-loss fair market value). https://vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov/nmvtis_glossary - **DOJ's own consumer page:** contributors "are not required to follow or prescribe to a uniform approach for defining vehicle conditions and titling," and a vehicle sitting in a salvage yard does not oblige a state to brand it salvage. https://vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov/nmvtis_consumers - **A state statute:** Florida defines salvage by cross-reference to its own total-loss subsection. https://www.flsenate.gov/laws/statutes/2023/319.30 — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#d6-what-salvage-means-three-registers-that-do-not-reconcile` - **Reading.** Treat the federal claim as unsupported until a statutory citation is produced. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#d8-is-a-non-repairable-certificate-of-destruction-vehicle-barred-from-titling` - **Reading.** The disagreement is between contractual meaning and commercial folklore. **No dated, independent, quantitative study of Run-and-Drive predictive value was found by any of the four passes.** The empirical question is unanswered in the accessible literature, not merely unsearched — pass P records having sought it specifically. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#d10-is-run-drive-predictively-useful-at-all` - **R3. IAA's US Auction Rules are directly fetchable and were used by only one pass.** Pass P alone fetched https://www.iaai.com/AuctionRules, which supplies IAA's as-is clause, its sole-responsibility-of-buyer clause, its title/brand accuracy disclaimer, its odometer disclaimer, and its restatement that a run/drive statement "IS NOT A REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY THAT IT WILL DO SO ANY TIME THEREAFTER." It is the single highest-yield source the other three passes missed, and it partially narrows D4. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#part-6-what-the-four-passes-together-settled-that-no-single-pass-could` - **R6. The two NMVTIS glossary URL forms in circulation both resolve to the same content.** Pass M used `https://vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov/redirect-legacy/nmvtis_glossary.html`; passes H and P used `https://vehiclehistory.bja.ojp.gov/nmvtis_glossary`. Identical definitional quotes were returned for salvage, junk and brand. Either may be cited. — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#part-6-what-the-four-passes-together-settled-that-no-single-pass-could` - - Automotive Fleet, "Copart Converts All Salvage Facilities to Virtual Bidding Second Generation (VB2) System" (2003-12-02) — https://www.automotive-fleet.com/news/copart-converts-all-salvage-facilities-to-virtual-bidding-second-generation-vb2-system — source: `~/.global-ai-hub/research-runs/used-car-auctions-20260919/reading-a-salvage-auction-listing/reports/synthesis.md#dated-trade-press` ## Related concepts - Listing — is a part of Reading a Salvage Auction Listing - Salvage — is a part of Reading a Salvage Auction Listing - Auction — is a part of Reading a Salvage Auction Listing - Reading — is a part of Reading a Salvage Auction Listing